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标题:小学英语祈使句写作注意事项
随着英语学习的深入,小学阶段的学生开始接触英语祈使句。祈使句是一种表达命令、请求、建议或请求的句子。为了帮助同学们更好地写作祈使句,以下是一些注意事项:
一、掌握祈使句的基本结构
祈使句通常由动词原形开头,主语通常是“you”,但常常省略。例如:Sit down.(坐下。)
二、注意动词的时态
祈使句通常使用动词原形,表示现在或一般情况下的请求、命令等。例如:Close the door.(关上门。)
三、了解不同类型的祈使句
1. 命令句:表示命令或要求。例如:Be quiet, please.(请安静。)
2. 请求句:表示请求。例如:Could you please help me?(你能帮我一下吗?)
3. 建议句:表示建议。例如:Why don't you try again?(你为什么不试试呢?)
4. 禁止句:表示禁止。例如:Don't play with fire.(不要玩火。)
四、注意祈使句的语气
1. 友好语气:表示友好、请求。例如:Please give me a glass of water.(请给我一杯水。)
2. 强烈语气:表示命令、禁止。例如:Don't touch that hot plate!(
(一)基本用法
英语中的祈使句主要用来表达命令、请求、禁令、建议等,一般是以动词原形开头。如:
Take it away.
Give that to me.
(二)否定表达
祈使句的否定句一般是以Don't来引导,后接动词原形。如:
Don't mention it.
Don't talk loudly in the library.
【注意】
有时也会用Never来引导否定祈使句,如:
Never judge a person by his looks.
(三)反意疑问句
祈使句的反意疑问句一般是通过will you和won't you来表达。但要注意,与其他句子的反意疑问句不同的是,其反意部分不受陈述部分的肯定或否定的影响,即无论陈述部分是肯定句还是否定句,反意部分用will you和won't you都可以。如:
Pass the salt to me, will you / won't you?
Don't leave him alone, will you / won't you?
(四)Let's和Let us
Let's是Let us的缩略形式,都用来向对方提出建议,后接动词原形构成祈使句。但是,Let's侧重建议大家一起做某事,其反意部分要用shall we,而Let us侧重征询对方意见,其反意部分要用will you。如:
Let's go there on foot, shall we?
Let us go there on foot, will you?
【注意】
Let's和Let us引导的祈使句的否定表达,不是通过在句首加上Don't来实现的,而是在Let's和Let us后面加上not来实现。如:
Let's not go there on foot.
Let us not go there on foot.
此外,let也可以用来引导宾语不是us的祈使句,如:
Let him do it by himself.
Let me out.
(五)其他种类
英语中有时也会用be动词来引导祈使句。如:
Be quiet!
Be a man!
此外,有时也会用“No+doing”或“No+名词”来表达禁令。如:
No parking. 禁止停车!
No thoroughfare. 此路不通!
(六)please
祈使句的语气较为生硬,所以有时为了缓和语气,会在祈使句的句首或句末采用please。如:
Take a seat, please.
Please take a seat.
(七)祈使句的强调句
英语中有时会在祈使句的句首加上Do,来加强语气。如:
Do remember me to your father.
Do buy her some flowers.
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句子按说话目的可分为四类:陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。
陈述句
考点:陈述句的肯定结构和否定结构。
在肯定结构中,谓语动词不含否定词;否定结构是在系动词、助动词或情态动词后加not,除了not外,其他否定词,如no, hardly, never, neither, nor等,也可以构成否定句。
【考例链接】按要求完成下列各题
1. Tom does morning exercise every day. (改为否定句)
Tom _______ _______ morning exercise every day.
2. John went to church with his brother last Sunday morning. (改为否定句)
John _______ _______ to church with his brother last Sunday morning.
3. Both you and he have received an invitation to the English party. (改为否定句)
_______ you _______ he has received an invitation to the English party.
4. The boys can play chess in the afternoon. (改为否定句)
The boys _______ _______ chess in the afternoon.
疑问句
疑问句用来提出问题。英语中有四种疑问句:一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和附加疑问句。《义务教育英语课程标准》要求同学们掌握前三种。
考点一:一般疑问句。
一般疑问句通常将系动词、助动词或情态动词放到主语前构成。一般疑问句用Yes 或No 来,其常用简略答语。
【考例链接】按要求完成下列各题
1. The newly-opened supermarket had something on sale last Sunday. (改为一般疑问句)
______ the newly-opened supermarket ______ anything on sale last Sunday?
2. People will use robots more and more in the future life. (改为一般疑问句)
______ people ______ robots more and more in the future life?
3. it, outside, hot, is (连词成句)
__________________________________________?
考点二:特殊疑问句。
1. 以疑问词开始,以寻求信息为目的的句子叫特殊疑问句。特殊疑问句时,不能用Yes或No,而要根据实际情况。
2. 常用的疑问词有:疑问代词what, which, who, whose, whom;疑问副词when, where, why, how;疑问词组how soon, how long, how far, how often, how old, how many, how much, what class, what time, what color等。
3. 特殊疑问句的结构:“疑问词(不作主语)+一般疑问句语序?”。
【考例链接】按要求完成下列各题
1. Susan has been a volunteer for protecting animals for three years. (对划线部分提问)
_______ _______ has Susan been a volunteer for protecting animals?
2. We will travel to the Great Wall after the exam. (对划线部分提问)
______ ______ you travel after the exam?
3. 这个暑假你打算做什么? (完成译句)
___________________________________________
4. 在我们学校,哪位体育老师足球踢得最好? (完成译句)
___________________________________________
考点三:选择疑问句。
选择疑问句提供两种或两种以上情况,用or连接。时不能用Yes或No,而要根据选择的情况进行。
【考例链接】单项选择
( )1. —Is the mobile phone new or old?
—______. I bought it only two days ago.
A. It's old B. It's new C. Yes, it is D. No, it isn't
( )2. —Did Jeff go to the zoo by subway or by taxi yesterday?
—______.
A. Yes, he went there by subway B. No, he went there by bus
C. He went there by taxi D. He went there to see animals
( )3. —Which do you prefer, traditional Western music ______ pop music?
—Pop music.
A. but B. as C. or D. from
祈使句
考点一:肯定式
祈使句的肯定是以动词原形开头,祈使句的主语一般都是第二人称you,但往往省略。有时为了强调对方时,可以写出主语you或人名。为了使语气变得委婉、客气,可在句首或句末加上please。
考点二:否定式
在动词原形前加don't构成否定的祈使句。
考点三:祈使句+and / or+分句
在句型“祈使句+and / or+分句”中,祈使句相当于条件状语从句。
【考例链接】
Ⅰ. 单项选择
( )1. Boys and girls, ______ learning and have fun.
A. keep B. to keep C. keeping D. kept
( )2. —Excuse me, but can you tell me where the nearest bank is?
—Just ______ going for two more blocks and you'll see it.
A. keep B. to keep C. keeping D. keeps
Ⅱ. 按要求完成下列各题
1. on time, to, remember, arrive (连词成句)
___________________________________________.
2. 明天别忘了带上你的外套。 (完成译句)
___________________________________________
3. 不要和你的老师顶嘴。 (完成译句)
___________________________________________.
4. 仔细记笔记,这对你的学习有帮助。 (补全句子)
___________________________________________, and it is helpful for your study.
感叹句
感叹句表示喜、怒、哀、乐等强烈的感情,一般由what或how引导,句末常用感叹号。
考点一:what引导的感叹句。
what修饰名词,它引导的感叹句有三种句型:
1. What + a / an +形容词+单数可数名词 (+主语+其他)!
2. What +形容词+复数可数名词(+主语+其他)!
3. What +形容词+不可数名词(+主语+其他)!
考点二:how引导的感叹句。
how修饰形容词或副词,它引导的感叹句的句型为:How +形容词/副词(+主语+其他)!
【考例链接】
Ⅰ. 单项选择
( )1. —Aamir Khan played the part of a great father in the movie The Tale of Fatherly Love.
—______ excellent actor he is!
A. What B. What a C. What an D. How
( )2. ______ important it is for kids to imagine freely!
A. What B. How C. How an D. What an
( )3. —______ delicious food you served us tonight! Thank you very much!
—I'm glad that you enjoyed it.
A. How B. How a C. What D. What a
( )4. —Have you heard that Lin Tao saved his neighbour from a big fire last night?
—Yes. ______ brave young man he is!
A. How B. How a C. What D. What a
Ⅱ. 按要求完成下列各题
1. 多优美的音乐啊! (完成译句)
__________________________________________!
2. 多么好的主意啊! (完成译句)
__________________________________________!
3. 那位老师给的建议是多么有价值啊! (完成译句)
__________________________________________!
4. 多么糟糕的天气! (补全句子)
_______ ________ weather it is!
5. 乡村的空气是多么新鲜啊! (补全句子)
_______ ________ the air in the countryside is!
责编 | 杨宁
审稿 | 李栋
校稿 | 吕放
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